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687 BCE - 652 BCE: King Gyges rules Lydia and expands its borders. Sardis becomes Lydian capital.
685 BCE - 546 BCE: Mermnad Dynasty rules Lydia.
635 BCE - 585 BCE: Reign of Alyattes of Lydia. Minting of first coins made from electrum.
560 BCE - 546 BCE: Reign of Croesus of Lydia.
499 BCE - 493 BCE: Ionian cities rebel against Persian rule.
498 BCE: Ionians and Greek allies invade and burn Sardis (capital of Lydia).
334 BCE: Sardis surrenders to Alexander the Great.
334 BCE: Alexander the Great invades the Persian Achaemenid Empire.
280 BCE: Lydia becomes a part of the Seleucid Empire.
215 BCE - 213 BCE: Siege of Sardis by Antiochus III of the Seleucid Empire; Sardis falls.
133 BCE: Lydia and its captial Sardis comes under Roman rule.
17 BCE: An earthquake destroys 12 cities in Lydia, including Sardis.
615 CE: Sardis is sacked by Sassanian Persians; damage is never repaired
1402 CE: Sardis is abandoned as a ruin.