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1040 CE
1050 CE
1060 CE
1070 CE
1080 CE
1090 CE
1100 CE
1110 CE
1120 CE
1046 CE: Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor deposes three rival popes at the Synod of Sutri and selects Bishop Suidger of Bamberg for papal installation as Pope Clement II.
1073 CE - 1085 CE: Papacy of Gregory VII.
1076 CE - 1122 CE: The Investiture Controversy between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy over the practice of lay investiture.
1076 CE: Synod of Worms; Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and his supporters renounce Pope Gregory VII and call for his abdication, initiating the Investiture Controversy.
1076 CE: First excommunication of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Gregory VII.
1077 CE: Walk to Canossa; Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor seeks the absolution of Pope Gregory VII at Canossa, during the Investiture Controversy.
1080 CE: Second excommunication of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Gregory VII.
1122 CE: The Concordat of Worms defines the secular and religious aspects of lay investiture, concluding the dispute of Investiture Controversy.